The mean SICAM-1 level before the initiation of treatment was 554.17 ± 202.85 ng/ml. Regarding the extent of pulmonary involvement as shown on lung CT-Scan, 68% demonstrated diffuse pulmonary involvement. All of them were sputum smear and culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Meanwhile, 50% of the patients were Iranian and the remaining had Afghan nationality. Results: A total of 28 patients 23 (82.1%) male and 5(17.9%) female cases were enlisted. T – test was used to compare the two sets of values of SICAM-1 levels before and 2 months after therapy. The SICAM-1 levels of the cases were measured by ELISA method before and 2 months after treatment with standard anti-TB drugs (Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide) at the same time. Materials and Methods: All new pulmonary TB cases that had not received any treatment ,did not suffer from any kind of co-existing or underlying disorders such as hepatitis, sarcoidosis, lung cancer, HBV, HCV and HIV infections, chronic renal failure, cirrhosis, malnutrition, collagen vascular disorders and had not consumed immunosuppressive agents, were enrolled in this study. The objective of this research is to evaluate the changes observed in serum levels of SICAM-1 in pulmonary TB patients that had received treatment. Studies have shown the significant effect of leukocyte integrins such as LFA-1and ICAM-1 on the function of macrophages against TB bacilli increasing their activity during the process of TB infection. Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the commonest infectious diseases of our era it is the second cause of death due to infectious diseases after AIDS.
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